apdsf – APDSF | Asia Pacific Down Syndrome Federation

Atlanto-Axial Instability (AAI) in Down Syndrome

This section provides important information for parents, caregivers, and professionals about neck safety and awareness in individuals with Down syndrome.

What is AAI?

Atlanto-Axial Instability (AAI) is a condition where the first two bones in the neck, known as the atlas and axis, move more than normal.
This increased movement happens because of loose ligaments or differences in bone structure, which are common in individuals with Down syndrome.
In rare cases, AAI can cause pressure on the spinal cord, leading to health problems if not identified and managed early.

How Common Is It?

About 10–30% of individuals with Down syndrome may show signs of AAI on X-rays.
However, only 1–2% develop symptoms that require medical treatment.
Regular monitoring and awareness help ensure early detection.

Signs and Symptoms to Watch For

If any of the following signs appear, it is important to contact a doctor immediately:

Neck pain or stiffness
Difficulty moving the head or holding it in an unusual position
Weakness in the arms or legs
Unsteady walking or frequent falls
Loss of bladder or bowel control
Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
Fatigue or decreased coordination

Activities to Avoid

Certain activities can increase the risk of injury for individuals with AAI. These include:

Exercises or therapies that involve strong or repetitive neck movements
Support the neck and head during medical, dental, or therapy sessions
Inform teachers, coaches, and therapists about AAI precautions

Sports and Games to Avoid

Gymnastics
Diving (into pools or open water)
Contact sports such as football, hockey, and wrestling
High jump or pole vault
Horse riding or other such activities involving jerky neck movements

Screening and Diagnosis

A neck X-ray (cervical spine X-ray) taken in different positions can help detect AAI.
Screening may be advised during childhood or before participating in physical activities that involve the neck.
If symptoms are present or X-ray findings are unclear, an MRI may be recommended for further evaluation.

Management and Care

If AAI is detected but there are no symptoms, regular check-ups and careful activity planning are usually sufficient.
If symptoms develop, it is important to consult a paediatric orthopaedic or neurosurgeon.
In severe cases, surgery may be required to stabilize the neck and prevent spinal cord damage.

Key Message

Most individuals with Down syndrome do not experience symptoms of AAI. However, awareness among parents, caregivers, teachers, and therapists is essential.
Recognizing early warning signs and taking simple precautions can prevent complications and ensure a safe, active life for individuals with Down syndrome.

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APDSF Games 2026 – Celebrating the Spirit of Inclusion

The Asia Pacific Down Syndrome Federation (APDSF) Games 2026 will be held in Chennai, India, on 29 and 30 January 2026 at the Nehru Stadium. The event brings together athletes with Down syndrome from across the Asia Pacific region to celebrate ability, sportsmanship, and inclusion.

About the Games

The APDSF Games are a unique sports event exclusively for athletes with Down syndrome.
The Games provide a platform for self-advocates to showcase their skills, build confidence, and connect with peers from other countries.
Participation from various member nations makes the event truly meaningful and impactful, spreading awareness about inclusion and the potential of individuals with Down syndrome.

Sports Events

Athletes will compete in a range of disciplines, including:

Athletics
Shot Put
Softball Throw
Skating
Swimming
Bocce

Participants

Member countries across the Asia Pacific region are invited to send their athletes, coaches, and delegates.
Each athlete’s participation highlights the importance of equal opportunities in sports for persons with Down syndrome.
The presence of families, volunteers, and partner organizations will further strengthen the spirit of unity and inclusion.

Beyond Sports

The Games coincide with the APDSF Annual General Meeting (AGM) and Medical Committee Meeting, offering an opportunity for collaboration among professionals and organizations.
Together, these efforts aim to promote advocacy, inclusion, and empowerment for persons with Down syndrome across the region.

Let us join hands to make the APDSF Games 2026 a celebration of talent, teamwork, and triumph — a step forward toward a more inclusive Asia Pacific community.

Download the attached form and send it to us – info@apdsf.org along with the Karyotype report and X-Ray for ruling out Atlanto Axial Instability, as mentioned in the form.

DOWNLOAD FORM

BASIC RULES

Events to follow Special Olympics divisioning rules – grouping by ability and age
categories.
a. Sub Juniors – 10-13 years
b. Juniors – 14-16 Years
c. Seniors – 17-19 Years
d. Masters – 20+ Years
Sub-junior, junior, senior, and master categories with further division based on
ability and entries.
Each participant to provide the following for Divisioning purposes
a. Running – Average Timing for the distance the athlete will be participating in
b. Swimming – Average Timing for the distance the athlete will be participating
in
c. Skating – Average Timing for the distance the athlete will be participating in
d. Shot-Put and Soft ball throw – Average distance thrown by the athlete.
Minimum of 3 participants per event required in order to conduct the event; if less
number of participants are there, the events may be conducted as a gender-neutral
one where both boys and girls compete together.
Event Organizer’s decision will be final.
Procure the Travel insurance for all travellers coming from your country.
PLEASE NOTE: A 15% honest effort rule as applicable will be followed. You can
find it in Section J of the Special Olympics Bharat Guidelines book, whose link is
shared below. So please ensure that you send us the right inputs.

ttps://specialolympicsbharat.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Selection-Procedure-SO-Bharat-rev21012018.pdf

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The Future is Bright: Recent Breakthroughs Shaping the World of Down Syndrome

Recent Research & Health Advances

Groundbreaking Lifespan Study: New research from the Human Trisome Project has revealed that Down syndrome affects biology in unique ways at different life stages. This paves the way for age-specific treatments and personalized medicine .
Focused Research Initiatives: The NIH’s INCLUDE Project continues to drive extensive research to understand co-occurring health conditions across the lifespan, leading to improved health knowledge and quality of life .
Progress Against Alzheimer’s: There is unprecedented momentum in addressing Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer’s disease (DS-AD), with three clinical trials underway or starting in 2025 and ongoing work to improve diagnostic tools .

Global Awareness & Advocacy

World Down Syndrome Day 2025: The global theme, “Improve Our Support Systems“, is uniting communities to advocate for government policies that ensure the rights of people with Down syndrome to live with choice, control, and dignity .
United Advocacy Voice: Major organizations are speaking with a unified voice on critical policy issues, successfully advocating for the community’s needs, such as removing discriminatory language to ensure access to the latest Alzheimer’s drugs .

Community Resources & Education

Latest Inclusive Education Guidelines: The first U.S. guidelines for inclusive education for students with Down syndrome have been published, providing a roadmap for schools and educators from early intervention through higher education .
Cutting-Edge Research Forum: The 2025 Down Syndrome Research Forum featured the latest findings on cognitive development, language acquisition, and reading instruction, facilitating the swift exchange of new knowledge among researchers, practitioners, and families .

These developments highlight a growing understanding and a collective effort to build a more inclusive and supportive world for individuals with Down syndrome.

Recent Positive Global Developments in Down Syndrome

Breakthrough biological insights: Researchers at the Linda Crnic Institute (USA) mapped how the body of a person with Down syndrome changes healthily through different life stages — paving the way for age-specific healthcare and therapies.
Improved brain research: Scientists at the University of Virginia identified a molecule key to brain development, opening doors for future interventions to support learning and cognition in children with Down syndrome.
Advances in healthy ageing: Studies now show that targeted lifestyle and medical care can significantly delay age-related changes and support longer, healthier lives for adults with Down syndrome.
New healthcare training program: The National Down Syndrome Society launched CARE Down Syndrome, a global initiative to train doctors and health professionals to better support adults with Down syndrome.
Stronger global advocacy: International collaborations are focusing on inclusive education, independent living, and employment — ensuring people with Down syndrome lead fulfilling lives.
Rising awareness and representation: From fashion shows to sports and arts, more individuals with Down syndrome are being celebrated worldwide for their achievements and unique abilities.

Here are the most recent global developments around Down syndrome, summarized in bullet points for your website (2025):

Promising new pharmacological treatment (AEF0217) targeting the CB1 receptor in the brain is in clinical trials and shows potential to improve cognitive impairment, learning, and memory in people with Down syndrome, potentially enhancing their independence.
World Down Syndrome Day 2025 emphasized strengthening inclusive support systems to provide better care, education, and opportunities, with global advocacy around legal capacity and supported decision-making for persons with Down syndrome.
Cutting-edge research is identifying molecular and immune subtypes in individuals with Down syndrome, paving the way for personalized medicine approaches tailored to distinct genetic profiles.
Advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence are significantly improving prenatal screening accuracy and early detection of Down syndrome, enhancing predictive models and diagnostic tools.
The 2025 NDSC Annual Convention showcased updates on Alzheimer’s clinical trials, immune health, pediatric communication, sleep apnea, fitness, and overall medical care improvements for individuals with Down syndrome.
Innovations in support technology and therapeutic interventions are expanding, focusing on cognitive function enhancement and inclusive community programs to improve quality of life and social integration.

These developments collectively represent a multidisciplinary effort toward better treatment, early detection, personalized care, and social inclusion for people with Down syndrome worldwide.

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APDSF Celebrates World Down Syndrome Day

As we prepare for World Down Syndrome Day 2025, observed annually on 21st March, we are excited to invite you to join us in making this celebration truly impactful. This year’s theme is “Improve Our Own Support Systems,” emphasizing the importance of strengthening and enhancing the resources and networks for individuals with Down Syndrome and their families.

To ensure a vibrant and meaningful celebration, we encourage each member country to:

Organize Activities: Plan innovative and meaningful initiatives aligned with the theme. Examples could include community engagement programs, awareness campaigns, inclusive sports or arts events, or capacity-building workshops.
Showcase Your Work: Share photos, videos, and reports of your activities with us. We will feature these on the APDSF website and social media to highlight the incredible work being done across the region.
Submit Celebration Ideas: Share creative ideas for how we, as a body can collectively celebrate the day in our local communities.

Exciting Awards to Recognize Your Efforts

To honor and encourage outstanding contributions, we are delighted to announce the following awards:

Award for the Best Activity this WDSD:.
Award for the Best Celebration Idea:
Special Recognition Awards for outstanding creativity and impact.

Submissions will be reviewed by a panel of experts, and the winners will be announced by end of the month.

Submission Deadline

Please submit details of your activities and ideas by 14 March 2025 to ensure they are considered for the awards and featured in our celebration plans.

Let us come together to make World Down Syndrome Day 2025 an inspiring event that highlights the creativity, resilience, and unity of our community. Your participation is vital to making this a memorable and impactful occasion.

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Asia Pacific Down Syndrome Federation AGM – A Successful Gathering in Kuala Lumpur

The Asia Pacific Down Syndrome Federation (APDSF) Annual General Meeting was held successfully in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, bringing together 17 countries committed to advancing the welfare and opportunities for individuals with Down Syndrome. Participating nations included:

Australia, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, UAE, and Vietnam.

Day 1: Engaging Sessions and Cultural Exchange

The event commenced with Country Reports where delegates shared updates, challenges, and success stories from their regions. Simultaneously, an engaging Art Session was conducted by Dr. Esther Joosa.

Dr. Marco Roncarati, Social Affairs Officer at the United Nations ESCAP Staff Association, delivered a thought-provoking session on “Enhancing Intergenerational Solidarity and Benefits by Better Understanding Psychosocial Issues.”

The day concluded with vibrant Cultural Events, where participating countries showcased their unique talents from their respective countries, followed by a delightful APDSF Delegates Dinner.

Day 2: Key Discussions and Insights

The second day began with the APDSF Annual General Meeting, which included:

Attendance and confirmation of previous meeting minutes
An opening address by the President
Reports from Secretary General Shri Ashish Bengra, IPS (Retd.) and the Finance Committee
Discussions led by the Medical Committee Chair on outcomes and future directions

In the afternoon, Dr. Surekha Ramachandran delivered an inspiring talk on Self-advocacy and how it was important for parents to understand their children and stand by them. Her insights on the role of strong parental support resonated deeply with attendees, many of whom vowed to share these lessons with their communities.

Success and Reflections

The AGM concluded with renewed energy, collaboration, and commitment from all delegates. The participants departed with new knowledge, stronger networks, and a shared vision for improving lives. A proposed sightseeing tour was also planned to enrich the cultural experience of visiting delegates.

The event was a remarkable success, leaving everyone with valuable takeaways and strengthened ties within the APDSF community.

Country Reports

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Special Olympics Summit Malaysia

RALC 2024

It’s Proud moments for us Rithik Hukku Athelete leader and Me Dr DC Gupta Mentor participate in this prestigious international summit of 22 countries of asia pacific region with our Indian delegation team Mrs Mallika Nadda president, Mrs Mukta National Director, Mahi & Simran youth leader, Mrs Richa executive of special Olympics Bharat.

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One Extra Chromosome, One Extra Reason to Celebrate!

October is Down Syndrome Awareness Month, a time to promote understanding and acceptance of individuals with Down syndrome. This month highlights the importance of inclusion, support, and respect for those with this genetic condition, which results from an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Advocates and organizations raise awareness through events, campaigns, and educational initiatives, aiming to dispel myths and showcase the capabilities of individuals with Down syndrome. By sharing stories and experiences, the community emphasizes joy, creativity, and resilience, encouraging society to embrace diversity.

You can get involved by participating in local events, sharing information on social media, or learning more about the experiences of those with Down syndrome. Together, we can foster a more inclusive world where everyone is celebrated for their unique contributions. Join us in recognizing the strengths of individuals with Down syndrome and advocating for their rights and opportunities this October and beyond.

Here we request countries to share the Awareness drive in your countries.
Find below excerpts from India

Click on the link to Know more…

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Minutes of the Zoom Meeting – 10 June 2024

Date – 10 June 2024

Attendees – Mr. Paul Zanon (advisor), representatives from India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Singapore, Japan, UAE, Philippines and Malaysia.

Agenda – APDSF AGM at Kualalampur – Discussion points during the AGM.

Mr. Paul Zanon, advisor, APDSF began the meeting by thanking all present. Following points were discussed.

Dr. Bhavani Sriram suggested discussions on creation of the Down Syndrome registry, Issues of Mental health and Ageing,
Mr. Luis Harder from Philippines suggested topics of discussion to cover assisted care, education employability and semi-independent living.
Dr. Lalita Joshi from Nepal spoke about the main problem being the registry system
1. In Nepal, DS comes under intellectual and developmental disability.
1. Numbers are only assumptions since there is no exact data. So, without data receiving benefits becomes difficult
Mr. Zanon emphasized on the importance of empowering people with knowledge on how DS is different from other disabilities. It is the only form of disability which is instantly recognizable and is often used as the face of pan learning disability, which comes with its issues – mainly due to the fact that DS has its own individual spectrum of ability and conditions, specific to DS, which differentiate it from general LD.
Dr. Surekha Ramachandran said that India faced the same issue of DS falling under Intellectual Disability. However Intellectual Disability does not define DS.
Mr. Zanon pointed out that in most cases a person with DS is showcased on the marketing literature depicting Learning Disability. He suggested some noise to be made in the UN also to make progress in regard to creating a separate disability.
Dr. Ramachandran said that India has stared organizing sporting events specifically for DS. There is a need to remove DS from Intellectual Disability.
Mr. Tariq from Pakistan shared the disability certificate from Pakistan where the PwD was asked for the percentage of disability.
1. PwDS are excluded from this since they look fine physically.
1. They therefore find it difficult to get Disability certificate. They are refused registration as PwDS.
1. He wanted to APDSF to discuss this and get ideas.
Mr. Zanon said that the discussions could be there. However, no solution can be promised.
Mr. Sardar Razzak from Bangladesh said that in Bangladesh, the Ministry of Social Development had categorized disability into 2 groups – Physical disability and NDD –
1. NDD – Autism, DS, ID and CP.
1. Govt. has taken this as a law since 2013.
1. Separate identification for all is available
The Problem here is the numbers according to govt. records is much lower.
1. Person who identifies does not know during registration.
1. DS is then put under multiple disabilities.
PZ then mentioned how education becomes important in this area. A 2-step approach is important.
1. Training of these people who need to identify disabilities is crucial
Dr. Dayaratne from Sri Lanka said that the same problem in recognition is there in Sri Lanka too.
1. There is no standard way of initial diagnosis and no proper records.
1. He wanted a detailed discussion for a common protocol in the region to have genetic confirmation of DS/other genetic issues
1. He mentioned the ageing population with DS as another important point of discussion
Mr. Galgamuwa from Sri Lanka mentioned about clubs they planned to start specifically for Down syndrome, but they have been able to form only 10.
1. They are doing this along with the Youth club.
1. Difficult due to Rural/urban divide.
1. They are planning in rural areas since urban areas have many centers, courses etc.
1. Ageing is a big problem now. Dementia etc.
1. Guidelines for setting standards for setting these centers can also be discussed.
Mr. Sardar Razzak spoke about discussions on Inclusive education.
1. Trying non-formal education for PwDS. Difficult for formal academic education.
1. APDSF can come up with an education guideline for the region as regular education system is difficult.
Mr. Zanon then broached the topic of Care for persons with DS.
1. Sibling taking care is not easy.
1. The care available for people with DS should be discussed and best practices can be shared.
Dr. Ramachandran mentioned about how in India due to the largeness of the country and the differences in language, food, culture, families from same state (5) meet and plan for future. Financial and social sharing for families living together which would work better instead of creating large group homes.
Mr. Galgamuwa said that Sri Lanka also went by the same principles. Families and government collaboration at the local level to create welfare clubs was useful. Smaller numbers where grass root level staff like teachers, gram sevaka etc to be a part of the board of the group.
Mr. Zanon agreed that small numbers will be more productive. Exchanging best practice our goal at APDSF meetings and advanced care planning to be a point of discussion.
Dr. Joshi from Nepal opined that health and education go together. Health of the self-advocate is important. But parents’ health also to be considered.
1. Parent education on caring for them is important.
1. In Nepal, areas where they cannot reach, counselling is provided over the phone, however, how much is understood is a big question. Therefore. educating parents and volunteers who meet these families is crucial.
Education has to be discussed
Another important aspect mentioned by Malaysia was Vocational training and employment.
Independent life skills as an area should also be shared during these meetings.
An Art Exhibition at Kualalampur is planned for self-advocates –Art expert and curator, Ms.Esther Joosa (https://www.artsofthearth.org/about-arts-of-the-earth) will have a session with both parents and self-advocates.
1. All art work to be shared with us. That will be displayed.
1. Virtually, we can keep circulating on Social media.
1. Self-advocates have to come for the sessions from the various countries.
1. Art work guidelines will be shared soon.
Dr. Ramachandran emphasized on the Self-advocates’ program.
1. Time for every country to bring at least 6 Self-Advocates to talk about their experiences.
1. Not only artists, but all who want to know what is happening outside.
1. She wanted to know from Malaysia what they expect from APDSF and what APDSF could offer. Malaysia shared about Employment and Vocational training. Could do a workshop there if Malaysia so desires/.
Mr. Galgamuwa was of the opinion that we could have local self-advocates and their parents who can interact with the members of the APDSF. At least 20-30 parents to discuss ideas and experiences.
Ms. Joyce from Malaysia offered to have different sessions as per the need.
Dr. Ramachandran suggested that on one of the evenings, families can get together to interact with one another.
Mr. Zanon then thanked Malaysia and ended the meeting on a productive note.

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APDSF AGM 2024 – pre event

APDSF organizes its annual AGM in various countries so as to reach out to the local population and provide them support through the expertise held by the members. Last year the AGM was at Nepal where training was provided by experts from APDSF – Speech Therapists, Adult rehab professionals, Special Educators, counsellors and pediatrician- to the local therapists. The event was a success with follow-up online sessions being planned for these local therapists to hone their skills. There was a lot of learning and sharing of information that happened at the AGM.

APDSF would like to connect with the local bodies in order to provide guidance through the expertise of member countries to benefit the local population. At Malaysia too APDSF is holding hands with local support groups to further the cause and provide as much information and support as we can. The local bodies also showcase the talent of their self-advocates with Down syndrome to the representatives from the various countries so they can also learn and take back some experiences.

We have a Medical Committee Meeting chaired by Dr. Bhavani Sriram from Singapore, where we discuss the various medical issues in member countries and the solutions thereof. We have each country presenting their reports and the APDSF AGM.

The meetings are for 2 days . One day where we have the Medical Committee Meeting and the country reports and the next day, we have the AGM. We usually also organize a tour of the city for the guests where they can go for local sight-seeing/shopping etc.

This year APDSF plans to make the AGM more encompassing.

WHAT WE WOULD LIKE TO DO FOR APDSF AGM 2024

Last year at our AGM in Kathmandu, we had done a camp for therapists from Nepal who had come from all parts of the country and experts from the APDSF had conducted sessions for them. Based on the requirement of the local bodies, we would like to organize something that would benefit the Malaysian team.
There are also plans for self-advocacy sessions by persons with Down syndrome they can interact and discuss various things relevant amongst them with a moderator. We are also looking at having a meet and greet with the local parents and self-advocates where interaction among the various delegates and local population will help understand the various developments that we can take back to our respective countries.
We also intend organize an art exhibition by our self-advocates with Down syndrome from across the Asia Pacific region. Curated by noted curator Ms. Esther Joosa, this is one program that would be an experience to remember for all the parents and self-advocates attending the event.

We intend the AGM at Kualalampur to be a learning experience for all countries that attend the event. A Zoom meeting was convened to understand what delegates wanted to discuss at the meeting and a lot of positive points emerged. To know more CLICK HERE

APDSF AGM 2024

The venue for the AGM is Hotel Mercure Kuala Lumpur Shaw Parade, a Four star property, which is about 45 minutes from the International Airport.
The check in would be on the 5^th of December and check out on the 8^th of December 2024.
Only two (2) members from each country would be hosted by the APDSF
- Please share the names of the participants of the AGM LATEST BY 30^th JUNE 2024 to enable us make the necessary arrangements. Fill in the details in the form link provided – https://forms.gle/11NRQcvFkr4WcWh39
- If there are other members who would like to come for the event, they need to make their own arrangements
We would be requesting for flight details closer to the event for providing airport pick-up and drop for the two registered members.
The rooms will be provided on a twin sharing basis to all participants.
The Medical Committee Meeting will be organized on the 6^th of December 2024 and the AGM would be on the 7^th of December 2024. Detailed agenda would be shared closer to the date of the event
This time, we are planning an art session for self-advocates with Down syndrome. We would like to know how many self-advocates from your country would like to participate?
- Please note, the arrangements for their stay and travel will have to be made by them
- They would be given an opportunity to learn and also showcase their art work at the venue

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APDSF AGM 2023

The APDSF AGM 2023 was organized at Kathmandu, Nepal in association with the local body -DSSHA was attended by 10 countries – India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Mongolia, Singapore, Australia and UK represented by the advisor of APDSF, Mr. Paul Zanon.

The inauguration of the event was with a speech by self-advocate Ashish Joshi. That was followed by a dance performance by self-advocates – a solo performance by Mr. Ashish Joshi and a group dance by some enthusiastic participants. Graceful and charming, the self-advocates showed those present that they could do anything if given an opportunity. The Chief Guest of the event was the Honorable Deputy Mayor of Kathmandu, Ms. Sunita Dangol. She was inspired and amazed at the talent displayed and promised to support persons with Down syndrome in whichever way she could. She requested all parents and those present to reach out to her and she would try to get the required action taken by the Government.

This time, the idea was to support local therapists by assisting them with information and training which therapists from India and Singapore provided. There were about 25 local therapists who took advantage of this. Since both India and Singapore have well-established therapy regimes for children, it was but natural that both these countries joined hands to provide this training. It has been planned to have these kinds of training for any location that hosted the APDSF AGM. The various presentations at Kathmandu are being shared here for the benefit of everyone.

Another interesting session was the discussion on the Fitness of our self-advocates. Col. Subash Thapa of Nepal spoke to the gathering about his plans on helping self-advocates reach Everest Base Camp. This is the follow-up on the first ever Downs Mountaineering workshop organized by him in association with DSFI.

The AGM also had its regular medical committee meeting where it is planned to create Guidelines for the entire region on Post Natal Counselling. This should be ready by November. Collaborations with other organizations was also discussed to help and support more persons with Down syndrome.

The next AGM is scheduled to be organized in 2024 at either Singapore or Malaysia depending on collaboration with some other bodies that are being planned.

Presenting a few glimpses from the event.

Training children with Down Syndrome – Hemamalini V S, Special Educator – Read More…

Speech and Language Therapy An Insight Into Early Intervention – Sharanya Krishnan, Consultant SLP – Read More…

DOWN SYNDROME Diagnosis Management Prevention – Dr.M.PRADEEPKUMAR MD (Paed).,DCH.,FCG.,
Consultant Geneticist – Read More…

Behavior Modification Positive Redirection – Read More…

Teaching Reading and Numeracy skills – Hemamalini V S, DSFI Chennai – Read More…